What is Political Asylum?

 

What is political asylum? In the present era, and indeed from previous centuries, and man began to suffer from one important thing, which is the lack of security and the lack of enjoyment of his full rights to obtain the basic requirements of life, due to wars and conflicts of all kinds, from which many terms appeared, the most important of which is political asylum, which It has become the only way to escape at the present time from death, so in this article, Since Few provides you with what this term is and full information about it.

What is Political Asylum?

Political asylum is one of the human rights guaranteed to him by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued in 1948 AD, and accordingly:

• The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has defined the right of political asylum as a request made by a person to a country other than the country from which he holds citizenship to provide him with the right of protection in its territory instead of being in the territories where he suffers from a danger to his life, whether due to civil wars Or because of racial persecution.
• The person who applies for political asylum is called the person granted asylum because he is the person who resettled him. The nationality of his country of origin may be withdrawn from him and he will not be given the nationality of the new state in which he has the right to reside and which provides him with field rights of the importance of protection from any danger that could threaten his life .
• Countries have resorted to offering asylum in place of the illegal immigration that many residents of war-affected countries resort to.
• The history of political asylum dates back to antiquity, specifically to the Middle Ages, when the King of England in the year 600 AD announced the right of asylum for citizens to the Anglo-Saxon Church and called it the safe haven so that Christian holders would be protected from any danger during the colonial movements that were widespread At this time in addition to civil wars and social revolutions.
• At that time, in order for the church to be resorted to, there was one condition, which was to confess all sins so that they would be forgiven and thus resort to.
• Political asylum, which bore the name of the safe haven, remained limited to Christians in Europe, and the Arab countries did not know it at the time, because they believed that the land belonged to everyone and Islam commanded us to protect each other without conditions or restrictions.
• After countries entered the eras of world wars and the loss of millions from around the world and after the end of World War II, the League of Nations - the United Nations today - launched the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and in its 14th article states that every person has the right to seek political asylum in any country Another to escape the persecution he is being subjected to in his country.

What Are The Types of Political Asylum?

In order to fully identify political asylum, and after reviewing its definition, we must know its types, as it is divided into:

Positive Asylum

• It is the asylum that the individual undertakes without any pressure or the presence of a forced deportation process that made him inevitably have to apply for asylum.
• They are people who are subjected to persecution and decided to leave without being registered criminals in their countries or having a social stigma that prevents them from integrating into their society that refuses to deal with them because of their differences.

Relief From Torture

• Under the Global Agreement for the Protection against Torture, a person can apply for the right of asylum to countries that provide him with protection from torture by the government of his country or some of the official bodies within it.
• Citizens who are subjected to torture are entitled to obtain relief from non-governmental institutions, but provided that the government is aware of what its people are exposed to and agrees to it directly or indirectly.

Obtaining The Right to Prevent Deportation

• The right to prevent deportation can be obtained by a person in the event that he is refused asylum, which means that he can live within the country and work in it legally, but he is not a refugee there, that is, does not provide him with protection from any danger in his town.
• On the other hand, the state in which he lives does not return him to the state in which he may face any torture and persecution because of his religion or race.

Reasons for Humanitarian Asylum

The truth is that talking about humanitarian asylum and its causes makes us all feel sorry for the situation of the person who seeks asylum because he is exposed to one of the following:

• Civil wars that take place between the people of one state and those who are subjected to differentiation according to political or religious views, provided that it is permissible in that war to destroy anyone who holds any opinion contrary to the views of the other side, and thus there is no security between the people, the government and the people with each other, which threatens human life.
• World wars or between the two countries, and I think this picture is the most vivid picture that we are witnessing until this time. There are wars that Iraq, Syria and Yemen have been subjected to, which led to the presence of millions of refugees around the world, who are no longer received by countries because of their large number, which causes them to overcrowd the population and the inability to provide basic resources for life.
• Exposure to racism, either ethnic racism or religious racism, and those that are exposed to the Uyghur Muslims in the People’s Republic of China, which kidnap and torture Muslims and carry out abortions for Muslim women so that their number does not increase, which is considered an act of ethnic genocide with the presence of silence and inaction from the world.

Conditions for Political Asylum

In general, there are no specific conditions for political asylum as it is a human right. However, there are specific categories whose requests are approved without any other category, and they are:

• Veteran persons in the field of political activism who are working to fight corruption in their country and who are subjected to arrest and threat to their lives at any moment due to imprisonment, torture and even execution.
• Soldiers whose country went to a state of war and was lost, and whose lives are in danger because of the search for them as prisoners of war, and they are the ones who are subjected to the worst types of torture.
• Owners of free pens, thinkers and scholars who are under threat from their countries because of the progress they have made in their scientific writing, which may expose them to the risk of assassination.
• Ethnic or religious minorities who are subjected within countries to genocide, persecution, torture and death due to racism.
• People who change their religious beliefs in a way that is different from the society in which they live may die.

What Countries Guarantee the Right to Asylum?

The countries of political asylum are not many because not all countries in the world are able to absorb a people parallel to their own, but there are some countries that grant political asylum to them, the most important of which are:

• The United States of America: Although it is the country in which many suffer from racism and persecution, it is the first country that opened its doors to the global right of asylum, despite its history of ethnic genocide against the indigenous population.
• European Union countries: All countries in the European Union open their doors to all refugees from around the world in order to guarantee them a safe place that provides them with a decent life free from any danger or any threat to their lives, but this does not mean that refugees in European countries live the best days of their lives where there are more Of the 5 thousand Syrian refugees living on the borders of Poland, which refuses to give them asylum.

Thus, we have come to the end of our article, which talked about What is political asylum and through the Since Few website, you can find more international laws and topics related to international human rights.